The Sane Society 健全的社会 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

'Dr Fromm is deeply concerned with the most important unifying questions that can be asked about contemporary western society - is it sane? He criticises very sharply those social psychologists who act as expert apologists for the status quo.' - The New Statesman

'Erich Fromm speaks with wisdom, compassion, learning and insight into the problems of individuals trapped in a social world that is needlessly cruel and hostile.' - Noam Chomsky

Dr Fromm is deeply concerned with the most important unifying questions that can be asked about contemporary western society - is it sane? He criticises very sharply those social psychologists who act as expert apologists for the status quo. - The New Statesman

Erich Fromm speaks with wisdom, compassion, learning and insight into the problems of individuals trapped in a social world that is needlessly cruel and hostile. - Noam Chomsky

`He has enriched our understanding of man in humanity, compassion and love.' - Sunday Times

`He has enriched our understanding of man in humanity, compassion and love. - Sunday Times

Review

"A distinguished contribution to a growing body of social psychological reflections on modern times. "-The Washington Post

“One is fascinated page after page by the incisiveness of the analysis, the concreteness of the presentation, and the beauty of the style.”—Paul Tillich

“A courageous book with a high moral objective...an unflinching indictment of contemporary society.”—Guide to Psychiatric and Psychological Literature

--This text refers to the Paperback edition.

This critique of contemporary capitalism established Fromm as one of the most controversial political thinkers of his generation, and was originally published to wide acclaim and even wider disapproval.

作者简介：

Erich Fromm was a German-born U.S. psychoanalyst and social philosopher who explored the interaction between psychology and society. His works include The Art of Loving, Love, Sexuality, and Matriarchy, and Man for Himself. He died in 1980.

FOREWORD

AcKNOWLEDG MENTS

INTRODUCTION BY DAVIDINGLEBY

A Biographical Sketch

The Argument ofthe Sane Society

Critical Commentary On Fromm’s Argument

The Signofocance Of Fromm’s Work Today

1 Are We Sane？

2 Can a Society be Sick?—The Pathology of Normalcy

3 The Human Situation—tile Key to

Humanistic Psychoanalysis

The Human Situation

Man’s Ne8ds—Qs They Stem From the

Conditions oyHis Existence

A．Relatedness VS．Narcissism

B．Transcendence—Creativeness VS．Destructiveness

C RootednessmBrotherliness VS．Incest

D．Sense of Identitymlndividuality VS．Herd Conformity

E．The Need for n Fmme ofOrientation and Devotion—Reason VSIrrationality

4　Mental Health And Society

Man in Capitalistic Society

The Sociaf Character

The Structure of Capitalism and the Character of Man

A．Seventeenth．and Eighteenth—Century Capitalism

B．Nineteenth．Century Capitalism

C．Twentieth．Century Society

1．Sociaf and Economic Changes

2．Characterological Changes

a．Quantification，Abstractification

b．Alienation

C．various Other Aspects

　 i．Anonymous Authority—Conformity

　 ii．The Principle of Nonfrustration

　iii．Free Association and Free Talk

　 iv．Reason，Conscience，Religion

　　　v.Work

　 vi．Democracy

3．Alienation and Mentaf Health

6　Various Other Diagnoses

7 Various Answers

8 Rosas to Sanity

9　Summary—Conclusion

INDEX

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　快乐的意义究竟是什么呢？今天，大多数人大概会这样来回答这个问题：快乐就是有“乐趣”，或者“玩得痛快”。至于“什么是乐趣？”这个问题，回答就得视个人的经济情况而定，更得看他所受的教育及其个性结构了。不过，经济方面的差异并不像看起来那么重要。社会上层阶级的“欢乐”是那些支付不起而又极希望享受的人的“乐趣”模式——而社会下层阶级的“欢乐”则日益成为上层阶级的廉价摸仿对象；两者虽然在费用上不同，在性质上却没有太大的差别。

　　这种乐趣包括些什么内容呢？包括看电影，参加舞会，打球，听收音机，看电视，星期天乘车兜风，做爱，礼拜天早晨睡懒觉，如果有钱就去旅游。如果我们用一个更讲究的词来代替“乐趣”或“玩得痛快”，我们大概可以说，快乐的概念最多相当于享乐。如果我们将上面讨论到的消费问题考虑进去，我们就可以更精确地给这一概念下这样的定义：快乐就是无节制的消费、按电钮的权力以及懒散。

　　从这个立场出发，我们可以把快乐定义为忧伤与悲哀的反面。一般人也确实将快乐定义为没有忧伤与悲哀的精神状态。但这种定义却表明，快乐的这种概念大成问题。一个活生生有感觉的人不可能不忧伤，在一生中他会经历很多次忧伤。其所以如此，不仅因为我们不完善的社会安排造成了那么多不必要的苦难，而且由于人类生存的性质，这种性质使人不得不以深重的痛苦和悲哀对生活作出反应。正因为我们是活生生的生命，我们必定忧伤地意识到，在我们短暂而多难的一生中，在志向与实际成就之间，必然存在着差距。既然我们必然面对死亡的事实，不是我们死在心爱者之前，就是他们（她们）死在我们前面——既然我们每天都看到痛苦，不可避免的、不必要的以及浪费精神的苦难在我们周围发生，我们怎么能避开痛苦与悲哀呢？只有当我们让感觉迟钝起来，反应变慢，爱不那么深之时，只有当我们麻木不仁，对人对己视而不见，听而不闻的时候，我们才有可能回避痛苦与悲哀。

　　如果我们想从反面来给快乐下...

由于人有自我意识，他意识到自身的无力和生存的有限性。他看到了自己的末日——死亡。

他必须主动去生活。

他需要不断地找到新的办法来解决生存中的矛盾，找到更高级的形式来与自然、他的同胞及他自己相结合，而这种需要就是他的精神动力的源泉，也是他的各种感情、爱恋及焦虑的源泉。

我们从来都摆脱不了两种相互冲突的倾向：一种是，脱离子宫，脱离动物的生存形式，摆脱自由的枷锁，进入更具人性的存在；另外一种倾向是，返回子宫，回到自然，回到肯定和安全的地方。

实际上，神经错乱的人就是那种完全无法同他者建立任何联系的人……与其他有生命之物结合在一起，与他们相关联，这是人的迫切需要，人的精神健全有赖于这种需要的满足。

不论顺从或者统治，从本质上来讲，都是一种共生关系。这两种人都失去了自己的完整性和自由。他们相依为命，互相获得生存的力量，满足相互亲近的渴望；但是，他们却缺乏内在的力量和自力更生的精神，因为他们没有自由和独立。

书籍介绍

Following the publication of the seminal Fear of Freedom , Erich Fromm applied his unique vision to a critique of contemporary capitalism in The Sane Society . Where the former dealt with man's historic inability to come to terms with his sense of isolation, and the dangers to which this can lead, The Sane Society took his theories one step further. In doing so it established Fromm as one of the most controversial political thinkers of his generation. Anaylsing how individuals conform to contemporary capitalist and patriarchal societies, the book was published to wide acclaim and even wider disapproval. It was a scathing indictment of modern capitalism and as such proved unwelcome to many. Unwelcome because much of what Fromm had to say was true. Today, as we settle into the challenges of the 21st century, Fromm's writings are just as relevant as when they were first written. Read it and decide for yourself - are you living in a sane society?